The Five-Layer Structure

Build your argument in layers:

• Layer 1: Clear claim — state exactly what you are arguing in one sentence
• Layer 2: Strongest evidence — your best 2-3 pieces of supporting evidence
• Layer 3: Reasoning — explain how the evidence connects to the claim
• Layer 4: Counter-arguments — acknowledge the strongest objections
• Layer 5: Rebuttal — show why your position holds despite those objections

Most people stop at Layer 2. Layers 4 and 5 are what separate persuasive arguments from unbreakable ones.