LESSON 2 · Reason Like a Philosopher
The Problem of Induction
Philosopher David Hume identified the fundamental challenge: there is no logical guarantee the future will resemble the past. You cannot use induction to justify induction without circular reasoning.

This does not mean induction is useless. It means it produces well-supported beliefs, not certainties. The practical approach: use inductive conclusions while maintaining awareness they could be wrong, calibrating confidence to the strength of the evidence.