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LESSON 1 · The Mental Models Playbook

Breaking Assumptions

First principles thinking means breaking a problem down to its basic truths and rebuilding from there. Instead of accepting an industry price as fixed, you ask what the thing is actually made of and what those parts really have to cost.

Many industries set prices on precedent, not physics. First principles thinking takes more effort than reasoning by analogy, but on problems where conventions are wrong, it is the only way to see past inherited assumptions.