Several biotechnologies have already moved from the lab to real impact:

• mRNA vaccines — COVID-19 proved the platform works. It is now being aimed at cancer, flu, and HIV
• Gene therapy — Casgevy, approved in 2023, uses CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease by editing a patient's stem cells
• Synthetic biology — engineering microbes to produce insulin, biofuels, and spider-silk protein
• Personalized medicine — genetic tests that reveal which drugs suit your specific DNA

These are FDA-approved treatments and commercial technologies used in hospitals right now.