Quantum Atomic Weirdness

Atoms don't follow the rules of everyday physics. At the quantum level, particles behave like waves and particles at the same time. An electron doesn't have a definite position until you measure it — it exists as a probability cloud showing where it's likely to be.

• Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: you can never know an electron's exact position and momentum at once
• Quantum tunnelling: particles can pass through barriers they shouldn't have enough energy to cross
• Superposition: particles exist in multiple states at once until observed

This isn't a limit of our instruments — it's a basic property of reality. Einstein hated it.