Wing Shape Secrets

Wing design is an exercise in compromise. Here's what each feature does:

• Camber (curvature): Generates lift even at zero angle of attack by accelerating air over the top
• Aspect ratio: Long, narrow wings reduce drag; short, swept wings handle high speed
• Winglets (upturned tips): Trim fuel use by a few percent by reducing wingtip vortex drag
• Flaps and slats: Extend during takeoff and landing to boost lift at low speeds

Every curve and angle is a negotiation between lift, drag, speed, and fuel.