Several chemistry-based technologies are transforming medicine:

• CRISPR gene editing can correct disease-causing mutations directly in a patient's DNA. The first CRISPR therapy for sickle cell disease was approved in 2023.
• mRNA vaccines (like the COVID vaccines) teach your cells to make a specific protein that trains your immune system. No actual virus needed.
• Nanomedicine uses particles 1-100 nanometers in size to deliver drugs directly to diseased cells, reducing side effects.
• CAR-T cell therapy engineers a patient's own immune cells to recognize and destroy cancer. Some patients with terminal leukemia have achieved complete remission.