Celestial Mathematics

The night sky is a math classroom. Planets follow elliptical orbits, as Kepler discovered in 1609. The Moon's cycle of roughly 29.5 days gave humanity its first calendar. Eclipses repeat in predictable patterns that ancient civilizations tracked centuries before they understood gravity.

Kepler's three laws describe planetary motion purely through geometry and ratios. His third law — the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun — requires no physics at all. Pure mathematical pattern, confirmed by every planet.