LESSON 5 · Mysteries of the Nile
Built by Workers, Not Slaves
The biggest myth about the pyramids is that enslaved people built them. Archaeological evidence tells a completely different story. In the 1990s, excavations near Giza uncovered a workers' village with bakeries, breweries, and medical facilities.
The skeletons showed healed bones — meaning injured workers received medical care. They ate beef, a luxury food. These were skilled laborers organized into competitive teams with names like Friends of Khufu.
An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 workers rotated through the construction site during the two decades it took to complete the Great Pyramid.