LESSON 2 · Why Countries Trade
The Border Tax
A tariff is simply a tax on imported goods. When a government puts a 25% tariff on foreign steel, every ton of imported steel costs 25% more at the border. The seller doesn't pay it — the importer does, right where the goods enter the country.

The goal is usually to protect domestic producers by making foreign competitors more expensive. Local steel companies gain an edge because their products suddenly look relatively cheaper.