Global investment in clean energy now tops 500 billion dollars a year and is growing faster than fossil fuel investment for the first time in history. Green bonds, carbon markets, and ESG investing are steering capital toward low-carbon infrastructure at huge scale.

More than 100 central banks treat climate change as a systemic financial risk and are working to fold it into financial regulation. This matters because markets move faster than policy. Once clean energy is cheaper than fossil fuels — already true for solar and wind — economics drives the transition regardless of politics.