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LESSON 2 · Books That Shaped the World

The Endless Mirror

Hamlet endures because every generation sees itself in its hero. The play essentially invented the modern psychological character — a figure whose inner world is richer than the plot around him. "To be or not to be" framed consciousness as suffering in terms so exact they still read like a diagnosis. Each era reinterprets him through its own anxieties: Cold War readings saw political surveillance, modern ones see depression and alienation.