From Panel to Plug

A single solar cell produces only about 0.5 volts. To get useful voltage, cells are wired in series inside a panel — typically 60 or 72 cells producing 30-40 volts. Multiple panels connect to form an array.

Inverters convert the panel's DC output into grid-compatible AC. Modern microinverters sit behind each panel, optimizing output individually. If one panel is shaded, the rest keep producing at full capacity without being dragged down.