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LESSON 8 · The Universe: From Big Bang to Black Holes

The Far Future Timeline

Here is a rough chronology of cosmic endings, each step unimaginably longer than the last:

  • 10^14 years: Last stars burn out. The Stelliferous Era ends
  • 10^15 years: Planets are ejected from dead star systems by gravitational perturbations
  • 10^19 years: Most galaxies dissolve as stars are flung into intergalactic space
  • 10^36 years: Protons decay, if grand unified theories are correct. All matter disintegrates

The current age of the universe, 13.8 billion years, does not even register on this timeline.