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LESSON 1 · Build an Airtight Argument

Common Structural Weaknesses

Even smart arguments fail through repeatable flaws: overgeneralization, dependence on a single source, or emotional scaffolding where the claim needs facts.

Another fatal flaw is the hidden assumption — an unstated premise your argument depends on. "We should invest in renewable energy because it creates jobs" assumes job creation is the primary goal. If your audience prioritizes cost reduction, the argument misses.