LESSON 2 · The Mental Models Playbook
Practical Inversion
Apply inversion to common goals. For a career, avoid burned bridges, stalled learning, unreliability, and ignored feedback. For marriage, avoid contempt, dishonesty, neglect, and money chaos.

In risk management, inversion is the standard approach. Instead of imagining ideal scenarios, professionals ask: what could go wrong? Pre-mortems — imagining a project has failed and working backward to explain why — consistently outperform optimistic planning for identifying risks.