Tip the Balance

Your dog is not stubborn. The math just favors the wrong choice right now, and your job is to make the outdoor option clearly win.

Reward outdoor elimination instantly, within two seconds. A reward at the door teaches "coming inside," not "going potty."

When you cannot watch your dog, use the crate. During free time, tether them to you to catch the circling and sniffing that come before a squat. Finally, remove the indoor competition — pick up rugs, towels, and laundry piles that make an easy target.