The Reward Protocol

Timing is everything. The treat has to land within two seconds of the act — not at the door, not back inside. Walk out with treats in your pocket and reward right at the spot. That way the puppy links the prize to peeing, not to coming home.

Pair the treat with an over-the-top happy voice, and now and then a quick game. The outdoor potty should feel like the best moment of their day. When going outside is that rewarding, your puppy starts choosing it on purpose.