How It's Delivered

Processed donor stool or microbiota products can reach the gut a few ways: by colonoscopy, through an upper-gut tube in some settings, by enema, or in capsules.

Regulation has changed as standardized microbiota products have been approved for preventing recurrent C. difficile after antibiotics. Traditional donor-stool FMT still faces screening, access, and regulatory hurdles, but the field is no longer just an experimental workaround.