Design for Participation

Plan at least one participation moment every 10 minutes of content. A show-of-hands question takes 15 seconds but turns passive listeners into active participants. A 60-second partner discussion creates social energy that carries the next segment.

Before your presentation, sketch an energy map - a visual plot of where audience energy is likely to be high, neutral, and low. Treat it as a planning hypothesis: put your most important material near likely peaks, and add resets where energy may drift.