LESSON 5 · Under the Hood: How the Internet Works
The Technology Behind Your Stream
A lot of engineering sits behind a smooth stream:
- Video codecs (H.264, H.265, AV1) compress video to a fraction of its raw size while keeping quality high
- Audio codecs (AAC, Opus) shrink sound with little noticeable loss
- Edge caching keeps popular content on servers closest to large groups of users
Predictive loading pre-fetches what you are likely to watch next, and DRM encrypts streams to prevent copying. Together these let billions of people stream HD video to their phones at the same time.